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Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

Describing Your World

Complex Ideas

Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

Life Experience

Present Perfect

Use the present perfect when speaking about an experience that has happened before the present moment when the time of the event remains unspecified.

Example:

Have you contacted that donor?

Have you asked for training?

They haven't had the chance to develop a timetable for withdrawal during the conflict.

In this case, the present perfect is used to express an experience without giving precise details. Whenever you speak about something that has happened up to now without giving a precise point in time, use the present perfect.

Positive Form:

They've led diversity workshops in Atlanta.

Negative Form:

They haven't had the chance to develop a timetable for withdrawal during the conflict.

Question Form:

Have you contacted that donor?

'Ever' and 'Never' with the Present Perfect

Use the present perfect with both 'ever' and 'never'. These time expressions are often used to to discuss experiences.

She has never achieved his trust.

That company has never included due diligence as a part of their hiring process.

Place 'ever' or 'never' directly before the past participle in the question form.

Have they ever applied for emergency aid?

Have you ever thought about underwriting the project?

'Never' means 'not ever' and is a negative form of the present perfect.

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